لبناننا...المكتبه التاريخيه للبنان باللغه الانجليزيه والعربيه

rawad angel · 09-05-2008

Sidon

(Also Saida, Sidouna and Sayda)

Sidon is one of the famous names in ancient history. Located in South Lebanon, it was a great Phoenician city-state reaching its flourishing peak during the Persian era between the end of the 6th century BC and mid 4th century BC.
It had many cultural influences including the Egyptian Pharaohs and the Greeks. The Crusader period (1110-1291 AD) brought Sidon new prestige, as second of four baronies of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. The ruins of Sidon includes the fortress church known as the Castle of the Sea which was erected by the Crusading Knights of St. John, and the ****l of the Castle of St. Louis (the Land Castle) which sits atop the Phoenician Acropolis near Murex hill.

In the old town, more recent Mamluk and Ottoman buildings includes Soap Caravansary (Khan Assabun), Franks Caravansary (Khan El-Franj) and the Great Mosque are still preserved.

Beirut

(Also Beyrouth, Byrouth, Byrutus, Berythus and Bayrut)

Beirut, the capital of Lebanon, is one of the oldest settlements of man. Around 5000 years ago, it was a prosperous town on the Mediterranean coast of Phoenicia/ Canaan. The Phoenicians called it ‘Beyrouth’: the city of wells. It has a distinctive location on the Mediterranean Sea with dramatic mountains rising behind it.
Beirut was also a glorious city during the Roman era where it got the names: Colonia, Julia, Augusta, Felix and Berythus. It was famous for having the first School of Law in history. The golden age for the school was under Septimus Severus (192-212 AD) when it excelled the schools of Constantinople, Athens and Rome. The professors of Beirut School of Law helped draft the famous Justinian Code. Beirut was hence named ‘Mother of Legislation’.

An earthquake destroyed Beirut in 551 AD. A century later the Muslim Arabs conquered it. Then it fell to the Crusaders (1109) and the Mamluks (1291). Ottomans occupied it for 400 years until 1916. Then it was under the French mandate until 1943. Beirut was occupied by Palestinian guerrillas (1981-82) and the Israeli defense army (1982-83), and recently fell to the Syrian troops in 1990.
Despite its devastating political history, and the fact that it was completely destroyed 7 times during recorded history, Beirut has been a unique cultural and commercial center for the region. In the 1960’s Beirut was known as “Paris of the Middle East”.

Baalbek
(Also Baalbak and Bxalbak)

Baalbek is also known as the City of the Sun. It is located in the beqaa valley (3000 ft above sea level) and holds some of the world's greatest historical and best preserved Roman sites. Its remains include a gigantic complex of Roman temples with the tallest columns ever erected.
The Roman gods were worshipped in its Acropolis (constructed between 1st –3rd Century AD). In Jupiter Temple, only six columns remain out of the 54 giant columns that originally surrounded the sanctuary. The temple was built over a Phoenician podium dating from around 3000 BC.
The city of Baalbeck has major remains from Islamic times including the Grand Mosque built by Omayyad Caliphs, with material borrowed from ancient monuments, and Mamluk mosque.

Tripoli

(Also Trablos and Tvrablos)

The ancient city of Tripoli is located in Northern Lebanon. It was founded by the Phoenicians in 800 BC and was named Athar, during the Persian era it became the center of Sidon, Tyre and Arados Island confederation, where Phoenicians met to debate their important affairs, thus became known as Tripoli or "the three cities". The city holds the Fortress of Saint Gilles (Sinjil), built early 12th BC. The castle was remodeled by the Mamluks and Ottomans later.
Several Muslim monuments such as the Great Mosque and the Mosque of Taynal (built using elements from ancient and Crusader monuments) are still preserved in Tripoli. It also has khans (caravansary), souks (bazaars), and the famous Assiba Tower which was built by Mamluks in the 15th BC.
Tripoli has 45 buildings registered as historical sites, many of them date from the 14th century.

Anjar

(Also Xanjar)

Anjar was built in the neighborhood of an ancient stronghold called Gerrha by Omayyad Caliph Al-Walid lbn Abdel Malek in the early 8th century.
Remains of streets, three palaces, souks (bazaars), two hammams (public baths) and a mosque are still standing.
The walls of the Caliph's Great Palace are still largely intact, with clues to the former presence of forty towers. Traces of fluted columns are found indicating that there may have been a Roman castle on the hill.

Beit EdDeen
(Also Bet Ddiin)
The Beit Eddin palace complex was built over a thirty year period by Emir Bechir El-Chehab II early 19th century. The palace is a great piece representing the traditional Lebanese architecture with its arcades, galleries and rooms decorated by artists from Lebanon, Damascus and Italy.

Today the palace houses a museum of feudal weapons, costumes and jewelry in addition to an archaeological museum and a museum of Byzantine Mosaics

سيلين · 09-05-2008

مرسي الك ع المجهود الرائع
كتيرر نايس
ناطرين جديدك

**قيصر لبنان** · 09-06-2008

شكراً لك ع المعلومات القيمة

ثبت من قبلي إلى 10-9-2008

نهارك سعيد

تحياتي

leblady · 09-06-2008

ثانكس عالمعلومات رواد
يعطيك العافية
تحياتي

rawad angel · 09-11-2008

شكرا الكن عالردود الجميله


الجميله	Marvellous Girl	بين قضبان السجن	صوتك مسموع

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